整理/秦珍子 制圖/李晗 張魯沙（實習生）
賞信罰必
該獎賞的一定獎賞，該處罰的一定處罰。後用來形容做事嚴格公正而分明。同“賞罰嚴明”“賞罰分明”。古人認為，賞罰是治國治軍的重要原則和方法；賞罰有示範作用——賞為了勸善，罰為了懲惡，所以必須依照規矩，分清功過善惡，不徇私偏袒，賞罰得當，這樣才能形成整體合力。它是誠信精神的具體體現。
Confer Honors and Mete Out Punishment to Those Who Deserve Them
This term originally means awarding those who deserve it, and punishing those who must be punished. Later on, it was used to mean that one must be strict, fair, and transparent in governance. Ancient Chinese believed that honors and punishments were important principles and methods in governing a state or an army. These measures can play an exemplary role. The purpose of giving award is to encourage people to do good things, and the purpose of meting out punishment is to bring wrongdoers to justice. Awards and punishments encourage people to follow the rules, and are used to distinguish merit from error and good from bad. When applied properly, awards and punishments avoid favoritism and partiality and urge people to better themselves.
引例文王問太公曰：“賞所以存勸，罰所以示懲。吾欲賞一以勸百，罰一以懲眾，為之奈何？”太公曰：“凡用賞者貴信，用罰者貴必。賞信罰必於耳目之所聞見，則所不聞見者莫不陰化矣。”（《六韜·文韜·賞罰》）（周文王問姜太公：“獎賞是用來鼓勵人的，懲罰是用來懲戒人的，我想用獎賞一人來鼓勵百人，懲罰一人以懲戒眾人，應該怎麼辦呢？”太公回答道：“獎賞貴在守信，懲罰貴在必行。獎賞守信，懲罰必行，是人們耳朵能聽到、眼睛能看見的行為。那麼，那些沒聽到和沒看見的行為，也因此會跟著潛移默化的。”）
展開全文
King Wen of Zhou asked Jiang Taigong: "Rewards are used to encourage people to do good things, whereas punishments are used to warn people from doing bad things. I want to reward one person in order to encourage a hundred people, and punish one person to warn a large number of people from doing bad things. How should I do it?" Jiang replied: "It is important to give awards and mete out punishment. Acts of commendation and punishment can be heard and seen. And those who have not seen or heard of such acts will also be influenced in a subtle way."(The Six Strategies)